• The occurrence of MDR in cancer patients undergoing

  2022-03-21

  

  The occurrence of MDR in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy can be mimicked in the laboratory by culturing cancer Epothilone D in the presence of chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby enforcing the evolution of acquired drug resistance. This has been described in multiple model systems including the

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Obesity is a growing pan

  2022-03-21

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Obesity is a growing pandemic, which becomes a global public health problem. The evidence has been readily available and mounting, demonstrating that obesity increases incidences of chronic comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, diabetes, cardi

• GK allosteric activators validate the importance of GK from

  2022-03-21

  

  GK allosteric activators validate the importance of GK from a therapeutic perspective, but the nature of allosteric activation of GK remains unclear. The GK allosteric activator site, the pocket where GKAs bind, is ~20 Å remote from the active site (Fig. 1A). The allosteric site is the locus of many

• br Learning from our ancestors As mentioned earlier

  2022-03-21

  

  Learning from our ancestors As mentioned earlier, homologues of all γ-secretase components have been identified in plants and protozoans, some of which have emerged as model systems for the study of γ-secretase independent functions of the presenilins [27]. The moss P. patens was the first plant

• Introduction br Alzheimer pathology A and Tau

  2022-03-21

  

  Introduction Alzheimer pathology: Aβ and Tau Amyloid β protein (Aβ) plays an important role in AD pathogenesis. At the molecular level, senile amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) are two neuropathological hallmarks of AD [1]. Mutations in genes encoding amyloid precursor protein (A

• Emerging evidence has shown that pharmacological FXR agonism

  2022-03-21

  

  Emerging evidence has shown that pharmacological FXR agonism attenuates chronic alcohol treatment-induced liver injury and steatosis [18], [19], while whole-body FXR knockout worsens alcohol-induced liver injury [19]. This suggests that FXR plays an important role in ALD development. However, defici

• Albumin is the major carrier of

  2022-03-21

  

  Albumin is the major carrier of free fatty acids (FFAs) in plasma [59], and harbours seven binding sites that are common to FFAs with a range of chain-lengths (C10-C18) across its three domains (Fig. 1a) [60,61]. In vitro, saturated, mono- and poly-unsaturated FFAs, with chain lengths ranging from C

• The iAs mainly metabolized in the liver to generate

  2022-03-18

  

  The iAs mainly metabolized in the liver to generate MMA and DMA. DMA, MMA and iAs were excreted through the urine (Khaleghian et al., 2014; Wei et al., 2017a). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to explore associations between concentrations of three arsenic species in urine and gene expressio

• In summary we have designed and explored synthetic routes to

  2022-03-18

  

  In summary, we have designed and explored synthetic routes towards novel acylsulfamoyl benzoxaborole-based HCV NS3 protease inhibitors. Interestingly, the resulting, unoptimized P1–P3 and P2–P4 macrocyclic inhibitors were equipotent in an enzyme assay and somewhat less potent in replicon assays, com

• Subcellular domains where Rac is active show limited

  2022-03-18

  

  Subcellular domains where Rac is active show limited Rho activity and vice versa (Fig. 4). This distinctive patterning in Rho activity is achieved via the downstream Rac effector Par6, an important part of the so-called Par polarity complex. In primary epithelium, the cytoskeleton and associated Rho

• AZD1152 br Results and discussion GSTP is a

  2022-03-18

  

  Results and discussion GSTP1 is a Phase II cytoprotective and detoxifying enzyme. Due to its role in the detoxification of numerous endogenous and exogenous chemical agents (with electrophilic functional groups), individuals with Ile105Val mutation in this gene show enhanced risk of atopic disord

• Although NO may act as the substrate for NO biosynthesis

  2022-03-18

  

  Although, NO2− may act as the substrate for NO biosynthesis no strict correlation between NO2− fluctuation in roots and NO content was observed in tomato roots. As the culture period was prolonged NO2− concentration declined in control and m-Tyr exposed seedlings, and finally its concentration was s

• The recently de orphaned G

  2022-03-18

  

  The recently de-orphaned G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), GPR55, is activated endogenously by L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), a lipid signaling molecule, as well as N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly) and numerous endo, phyto, and synthetic cannabinoids (Oka et al., 2007, Henstridge et al., 2010, H

• With able to modulate inflammation

  2022-03-18

  

  With ω3 able to modulate inflammation and effect obesity-related outcomes, it is of interested that two G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), GPR120 and GPR40, were recently deorphanized and shown to recognize ω3 acids (docosahexaenoic, C22:6; eicosapentaenoic, C20:4; and α-linolenic, C18:3), as well

• The global spread and ever increasing incidence of

  2022-03-18

  

  The global spread and ever-increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome over the past few decades has not only categorized it as an ‘epidemic’ but has also dramatically increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The increase in prevalence of diabetes in the United States alone has bee

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